Gone with the Wind (1939) and Dr. Zhivago (2002)

Have you at any point considered demise? It is safe to say that you are prepared to bite the dust? In the event that your answer is no, you can transform it by perusing Tuesday With Morrie . This book is loaded up with impeccable sayings and life exercises that can change someone’s life. Tuesday classes with Morrie changed Mitch Albom’s life and thought him how to live. We will compose a custom exposition test on As you would like to think What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The issues that they discussed are huge exercises for everybody. By and by, I have taken in a lot from the book and in this exposition, I clarify some significant topics which, as I would see it, are offered in dismissal of what culture is holds to be valid, give love and let it come in, and don't think cash is everything. First topic is dismissing what culture is stating. try not to accept what individuals around you determining what is correct or wrong. Attempt to build up your own way of life by discovering individuals whom you can trust . Each general public has its own issues; along these lines, you should be solid and tune in to your heart , accomplish your work , and don't abandon things that you don't have faith in . For instance, in the book Morrie’s supposition is â€Å"we are showing an inappropriate things. What's more, you must be sufficiently able to state if the way of life doesn’t work, don’t purchase it† (page 35). This statement implies that on the off chance that you tune in to media, news, and your companions and do what they ARE stating, you will wind up with a despondent life. Moreover, Morrie, who loses his autonomy, is as yet acknowledged in the public eye, since he has interesting path for living, he has his own way of life. He began venture called Greenhouse, where destitute individuals could get emotional wellness administrations. He visited by associates, stayed in contact with his understudies, and composed letter to his far off companions. The entirety of this is indications of a reality that he was fruitful in building up his own way of life. To summarize, don't burn through your opportunity to accept culture and don't lose your certainty. Trust yourself and trust your conviction to have a cheerful life. The subsequent topic is the way that affection can never kick the bucket. On the off chance that you have somebody to cherish you, you will never vanish from their psyches. Love among you and your family will deal with you whenever, despite the fact that you got fatal illness, as Morrie, and there is no desire for you to live. â€Å"The reality is there is no establishment, no safe ground, whereupon individuals may stand today in the event that it isn’t the family. (page91) For example, in Morris’s sentiment â€Å"love is A judicious act† (page 134). It implies on the off chance that you give love, it will come back to you. He cited from W. H. Auden what love is the pith of each individual, and each relationship without it is nothing. We can see that the significance of affection in Morrie’s l ife is clear for him since when he is going near death without care of his family, he would die. All in all, affection breathes life into bliss and importance. Ultimately, don't think cash is everything. Individuals who simply work for cash are consistently occupied. They don't focus on individuals around them, they are distant from everyone else, and everything is cash for them. They think cash gives them force, and it can support them whenever in any event, when they face with death. Nonetheless, Morrie knows better since when one experiences passing, neither cash nor force will give one the inclination that they are searching for. Individuals, who think more cash is better, do so on the grounds that they didn't discover importance in their lives, so to discover the significance in their lives, they simply run for new houses, new vehicles, and property. They look for importance in appearance. In all actuality, you don’t get fulfillment from those things. Just contribution what you need to give, gives you fulfillment. †(page126) For instance, on the off chance that you have aptitude in PC, you can educate to the elderly individuals. They will be extremely appreciative. This is the way you begin to get regard by offering your time an d your ability. Ultimately, cash can't give you all that you need; despite what might be expected, it can make you lonelier. All in all, I truly appreciated the book and I have gained from it. It thought me that culture isn't in every case right and the vast majority of individuals don't have the foggiest idea about this reality. They rather be programmed in their lives. Second subject is love individuals around you, make the most of your second with them, and discover somebody to give your affection extraordinarily. Have kids to encounter one of the most significant sentiments throughout everyday life; a feeling Of completion and felicity which can't be communicated in words. Moreover, the exact opposite thing is cash. It isn't something for which you would should work and invest all your energy in. Rather, give more consideration to individuals around you, and put more substance of person in the course of your life. At last, I am considering this to be as an actual existence reference, loaded up with flawless statements and stories. I truly prescribe it to individuals to peruse and gain from it. The most effective method to refer to In Your Opinion What Is/Are The Main Theme(s) Of The Book?, Papers

History of the Olympics - 1972 Olympic Games in Munich

Theory and Practice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hypothesis and Practice - Research Paper Example For example, concentrates in arithmetic and sciences have indicated that better execution radiates from profundity instead of broadness (Cogan and Schmidt, 2002). Instructing is named fruitful, if understudies realize what has been educated. Along these lines, this paper centers around what understudies are realizing. It is partitioned into three areas: the job of appraisal with regards to guidance, generally fundamental and durable ideas the understudies ought to be instructed and, at long last, the job of evaluations. Starting from taking a gander at the job of appraisal with regards to guidance, evaluation should be created to fit the learning targets set for the understudies so as to be steady to the understudies. It ought to be reliable with strategies for guidance as poor association among learning targets. Directions and appraisal just add up to more than disarray and dissatisfaction prompting outrage and gloom. Learning is joined by a psychological change and conduct understa nding among individuals. In spite of what instructors accept, quite a bit of what understudies take in originate from encounters outside school as opposed to from homeroom. Hence, a perfect relationship ought to be built up among learning targets, directions and evaluation. ... In figuring out what understudies are to realize, it best starts with one’s information regarding the matter joined with their qualities as a teacher. No time is adequate for an understudy to get familiar with all that is expected of them. Industrial facility model of tutoring in which educators hurry to cover an a great many points leaves next to zero time for disguising thoughts and making the ideas increased a strong piece of the student’s subjective and social experience. Understudies hold little of what is educated in courses that depends on content inclusion other than profound comprehension of the ideas. If understudies can't become familiar with all that is instructed, astute decisions should be made about what is conceivable in a given fixed time. Learning objectives and learning destinations are the terms utilized as names for proclamations about what instructors need understudies to learn. Learning objectives reflect extreme points of tutoring; though, learni ng targets center more around information and abilities that assist understudies with accomplishing their objectives. The term branches of knowledge are utilized to allude to ordinary titles of substance instructed in school, while discipline alludes to fields or study and work. Four inquiries can help with surrounding learning objectives for educating and these include: assessing the elements of the subject are to be instructed, the main parts of these branches of knowledge to understudies of a specific year and the degree of refinement. Understudies can, subsequently, keep dealing with the expansive objectives in the wake of moving to different educators. The third inquiry is the information and abilities inside the order that will assist understudies with understanding the working of others in the field, the information on individuals in the field that makes them effective and their

IT Professional: Legal, Ethical and Professional Principles

IT Professional: Legal, Ethical and Professional Principles VISHALDEEP Evaluation Task Scenario  â Aroha Memorial Headstones Inc. is a neighborhood maker of customized remembrances and gravestones Auckland and Nation-wide. This is a family possessed and worked business offering reliable quality, worth and administration. Their customers generally originate from Northland, Waikato, the Bay of Plenty regions and the pacific islands. Arohas office at Manure WA has five PCs, a server and two printers. They plan the commemorations utilizing unique programming and afterward give it to their creation industrial facility at Papa Kura. As the business is developing, Aroha now requires a site to do their exchanging on the web. They expect to offer customized gravestones through their site to clients all through the world. They likewise plan to set up branches in different urban communities in the North Island and a web-based interface to connect every one of these branches. You are currently recruited as an alumni IT proficient at Aroha to deal with their PC systems and IT requests. You are likewise required to make a site to meet their business necessity in 3 months time. You have to have steady proper gatherings with Mr. John Salesa, Managing Director of the organization, Ms. Pania Palmers, Head of Operations and Mr. Abraham Watsons, Head of Productions while you are building up the site for their sources of info and necessities. Your obligations regarding this job are: PC arrange support IT administrations the executives Client Services ( Face-to-confront and Over the telephone) Database support and reinforcement Web composition and advancement Site upkeep after it is fully operational You are an individual from Information Technology Professionals (ITP) NZ (recently called IITP NZ) and follow their code of behaviors while filling in as a rising IT professional.â Segment 1-Professionalism, Social Responsibility and Ethics 1. Recognize the models for demonstrable skill in NZ PC industry as distinguished by the Information Technology Professionals (ITP) NZ. Expound to sum things up. 2. How do morals assume a key job in your expert conduct as an IT graduate? 3. Sum up all precepts of the ITP NZ Code of Professional Conduct. 4. Recognize different that moral predicaments may emerge for you while working at Aroha, while following the different fundamentals of code of expert direct. 5. How might you be socially mindful PC proficient at Aroha while as yet working for the budgetary advantages and development of the organization? Give a few models. Functioning as an IT proficient in Aroha I need to assume liability of the monetary and for the development of the organization, just as I need to follow up on different social obligations regarding the government assistance. Just like an IT proficient I should build up the nature of item which we make and furthermore its my obligation to care for the organization and its expense of creation .rather than having duty we should instruct the individuals . By doing this , we can be socially mindful monetarily just as for organization. THE IT expert can educate as to open arrangements with the assistance of specialized information . The IT experts have the obligation to give administration for the individuals from various different backgrounds in the general public For example, independent of sexual orientation, age, culture ,segregation and inability . Openness is one of the most significant principles that an IT proficient follow up on. It infers on the accessibility when required. I might want to introduce a model an old person came to purchase a PC he requested that an IT proficient give pc he thinks nothing about the pc as he said he isn't a PC fellow however he need pc with great highlights now it relies upon the vender that he will sell costly pc to help the organization or sell pc with great highlights which suits the purchaser just as likewise contribute for the development of organization. 6. How might you give value and availability to clients and staff with various social foundations, age, proficiency level, inabilities and sexual directions while filling in as an IT proficient at Aroha? Give a few models. Similar to an IT expert of Aroha I have the promise to give value and availability to the Individuals from varying backgrounds especially the businesses and clients in the general public with various social foundation , age , education level, inabilities and sexual directions. The individuals with these downsides must get the administrations which is given to others . unfortunately they are not fit to similar administrations in view of their inability. I ought to be evenhanded to the distinctive social qualities, age, level of proficiency, handicap and sexual direction By giving them significance and satisfying their prerequisites and necessities. Availability identifies with value .the significance of openness is being accessible to the penniless individuals . so functioning as an IT proficient its our obligation to satisfy the necessities of poor individuals who dont get the Same administrations as others get in view of their incapacity. For instance: the individuals who are visually impaired and cant read its my duty to for hearing them and bolster their requirements and desires. Area 2 Privacy and Security Issues 7. Your duties in Aroha incorporates giving system support, overseeing IT administrations, client care, overseeing database and having normal reinforcements alongside the task of web architecture and improvement for beginning 3 months time. For what reason do you think protection and security issues will be fundamental while functioning as an IT proficient at Aroha? Functioning as an IT proficient in Aroha as a system support, IT administrations, client service and administration Back up of information and how to structure the sites inside a quarter of a year I consider that security and protection issues are essential need. At the point when I am utilized in these employments there are open doors for working information of clients. In working environment I am veritable to the clients for not checking the information and it must be made sure about. It is our obligation to keep up the protection and security of clients information. Under the protection Act 1993 New Zealand government enactment the IT experts have significant obligation to keep the clients information safe and safely. Security is significant for capacity of information ,structure of site and advancement .the information ought to be made sure about from the programmers . Segment 3 Relevant Government Legislations 8. Recognize the important government enactments (Act) for the accompanying issues. Blueprint the reason for the enactment of the and the suggestions applicable enactment for you as an IT proficient while working in Aroha. Refer to models where important. Issues Significant Act recognizable proof Broadly useful of the enactment (Act) Suggestion for you Security Security act 1993 The reason for thisact is to advance and secure the protection of person ,To research the objections of the clients security .and to unveil the data It handles the individual information of the clients and its our obligation to ensure it in safe area, so on one can't abuse it. Asset Management Asset the executives Act 1991 The motivation behind this demonstration is to advance the maintainable administration of physical and normal assets Safe guarding the life by utilizing characteristic assets like air ,water and soil Office data Official data Act 1982 The official data approach is intended to elevate asses to data held by different government offices Individuals living in NZ got option to get the Individual data from the organization of rules and guidelines. This demonstration made the official data Clear to people in general. Copyrights Copyright Act 1994 Nobody duplicate our material like education ,melodic movies, sound What's more, video It is controlled by intrigued property approach unit of the service of financial Advancement. As per copyright Act, while filling in as worker at Aroha gravestone organization, It isn't in the standard to duplicate a similar way that uncovered in other tombstone organizations Site. Shopper rights Shopper ensures Act 1993 The shopper ensure act secures customers by making substitutions ,fix and discount We set least gauges to offer best assistance to customers as they need. Furthermore, must have option to make sure about the enthusiasm of shopper who make a visit to organization Wellbeing and security 1992 To make sure about individuals from hurt at work by taking The wellbeing estimations At work place Cleanliness in working environment which is significant for us and agreeable of clients Segment 4 Treaty of Waitangi 9. Study the understudy exercise manual on the Treaty of Waitangi and talk about the suggestions for you as an IT proficient for every one of the accompanying bargain standards. I) Partnership ii) Participation Iii) Protection Once more, you have to consider the different duties you have been given at Aroha and attempt to discover a few models how you can fuse the standards of the arrangement while working at Aroha. 1. Association As a worker of aroha the arrangement idea of organization furnishes the learning and capacity of the varying people who can add to IT, including families and other IT people. As an IT proficient I should Work along with Maori and non-Maori, change, actualize, survey strategies, practices and techniques Working cooperatively with those network will increment to share force, control, and for settling on choice What's more, help to comprehend present that Maori make in IT industry. It is additionally a decent opportunity to know about their legacy culture and custom, language, fortunes of maori and other network . In the event that we know each one of those things it will be exceptionally simple to blend in with them And the mix-ups we submit in another network will be diminished. 2. Interest It implies correspondence of possibility and results. As an IT experts and bodies controlling IT skilled need to see how to partake and contribute as unique subjects through opportunities to explore and esteem the

The Morality of Abortion Essay Example For Students

The Morality of Abortion Essay Moral Theory and PracticeDecember 12, 2003One of the most dubious court choices throughout the entire existence of the United States is Roe v. Swim. Its a choice that goes a lot further then only an ethical quandary on whether an embryo is an individual or not. Its a choice that should make any observing individual inquiry the morals of the enactment of profound quality. In any case, Ill leave that for some other time, this papers reason for existing is clarify my convictions on premature birth. To do this I will lay a foundation of the historical backdrop of premature birth in our nation and how it influences us on a nearby (state) level, and develop that with the assistance of mainstream logicians and by drawing from my Christian foundation. We will compose a custom article on The Morality of Abortion explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now To completely comprehend fetus removal one must gander at its place in the public arena all through mankind's history. Laws against premature birth are just as old as the mid nineteenth century. Documentation going back to the antiquated Greeks and Romans persuade that they were polished every now and again with the gift of the vast majority of the individuals of the day. The main opposition against fetus removal in antiquated Greece was the Pythagorean School of rationalists and their Hippocratic Oath, and later during the tallness of the Roman Empire the development of Christianity. As human progress moved into the current time customary law started to mirror that the perspectives on fetus removal were that it was alright up until the purpose of enlivening. Stimulating is the purpose of activity for the hatchling, its first unmistakable development or where it was accepted to have been imbued with a spirit. The punishment for killing a revived baby under custom-based law is uncerta in reports make them extend from crime to a basic offense relying upon the time and district. In 1803 England authorized its first premature birth enactment which made the fetus removal of a revived hatchling a legislative hall offense and pre-enlivening premature birth a far less horrifying offense. American premature birth resolutions stuck to this same pattern in 1821 when Connecticut embraced a similar governing body. In 1828 New York additionally embraced a type of the English lawmaking body with post-stimulating premature birth being treated as second-degree homicide and pre-reviving fetus removal as just an offense. Around the hour of the Civil War an ever increasing number of states started ordering premature birth lawmaking body beginning with laws near those found in Connecticut and New York however after some time they turned out to be increasingly more severe regarding when a fetus removal could occur up until where the main permitted it when it was important to spare th e life of the mother. This brings us up the evidently the most significant case in the premature birth banter and conceivably in the American administering framework. The case Roe v. Swim which authorized fetus removal as well as put forward a point of reference for removing the lawmaking power from the hands of the individuals and offered it to nine people who need not think about the desires of the individuals since they have no capacity to expel them from office. In 1973 a pregnant single lady (Roe) brought a class activity testing the lawfulness of the Texas criminal fetus removal laws. These laws commanded that premature births may just be endeavored to spare the life of the mother. She asserted that they were illegal in that they condensed her privilege of individual security, ensured by the First, Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments. Later she professed to be suing for the benefit of herself and every single other lady who were in comparative circumstances. For this situation the Supreme Court confirmed that the territory of Texass against premature birth laws were an unlawful encroachment on the protection of a lady during the primary trimester of premature birth, when the embryo is resolved to not be practical. The court permitted the states to keep on administering on the lawfulness of premature birth after the principal trimester of pregnancy. In 1976 for the situation Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth the Supreme Court upset a Missouri law that necessary spousal assent for a fetus removal since it couldn't give a life partner a veto power that the state was disallowed from working out. In the province of Iowa all premature births are legitimate aside from halfway birth premature births. Halfway birth premature births are named premature births in which the baby is somewhat conveyed before it is executed. .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .postImageUrl , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:visited , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:active { border:0!important; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:active , .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a4 8f531c2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2735667ea3b2545d7f9e543a48f531c2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Positive Accounting Theory Sample EssayNow we get to the great part, my convictions on the ethical quality of fetus removal. First I will endeavor to take a gander at it from a mainstream fair stance. I accept that it isn't good, however without my strict foundation I would make some hard memories placing precisely why. I will endeavor that now. The primary contention I will take a gander at is genuinely preservationist, it is just put that babies are people and it isn't right to execute individuals. Presently on a superficial level this contention looks incredible, in the event that you accept that embryos are in truth people. In what way s would they say they are human? Their DNA is that of a human yet dead people groups DNA is human as well. Do they have spirits (clearly on the off chance that you are attempting to decide the ethical quality of fetus removal you should accept that people have spirits or wouldnt it simply be equivalent to slapping aside a bothersome fly), and on the off chance that they do have spirits do they have them from origination or would they say they are presented upon the unborn at some point during pregnancy or even from the start breath? Or then again do we rate human life on their latent capacity? Is it corrupt to prematurely end a child basically on the grounds that they may turn into the following President of the United States, or fix malignancy, or realize world harmony, or partake in some other elevated achievement? However, on the other hand is it any increasingly off-base to devastate a stone that will end up being a model then one that will simply lounge around being a stone. Su ch a large number of more inquiries are raised at that point are replied by this contention. Shouldn't something be said about the assent contention. Appears to be sufficiently basic, through the demonstration of intercourse a ladies waves the privilege of the utilization of her uterus. Again appears to be sufficiently basic, its like waving a no-exchange statement your agreement. Be that as it may, take a gander at it from the other bearing; does getting in a vehicle and driving not far off wave your privileges for those of an alcoholic driver? That tosses an unforeseen wrinkle into that contention. Does knowing the dangers of pregnancy watch make you answerable for what those dangers involve? What about a contention against premature birth, the one that expresses that in light of the fact that an embryo is a piece of a womens body she has the sole directly over what is done to it. To me it appears as though the male segment of the relationship ought to have something to do with wh ether the pregnancy be ended, he had equivalent part in bringing it around. In each contention recorded there are advantages and disadvantages the two different ways, all of which appear to be conceivable. In any case, when you consider it pretty much every end drawn depends on another irrelevant suggestion: hatchlings to dead bodies; the capability of human life to that of a stone; or the dangers of pregnancy to those of driving. For example if you somehow happened to reveal to me that homosexuality was ethically alright I could counter by disclosing to you that putting two male parts of the bargains wont make the hose work and BAM Ive got a counter contention that would make a scholar pleased. The issue is that everything in life is an exemption to something different, so when associations are drawn between two things of inconsistent significance it is anything but difficult to twist reality. Since Ive thought that it was difficult to think of a finish of the profound quality of premature birth dependent on a mainstream perspective Ill draw from my strict foundation. The contrast between moving toward this issue from strict and mainstream perspectives is that with a Christian foundation I can see a circumstance with a guarantee of

Essay Examples on Movies - Common Issues

Essay Examples on Movies - Common IssuesCritical reflection essays are a common event that students need to have in order to develop their analytical skills. Although these essays cover a variety of topics, they all focus on one issue, or a small set of issues. The topics will change based on the student's unique situation, so depending on the essay to be submitted, there are many different topics that a student can write about.In fact, there are dozens of topics that can be used in a critical reflection essay. There are many different topics to choose from, each of which will provide a unique way for the student to reflect upon the people in their lives.The topics are often used in mock exams and cover subjects like careers, relationships, marketing, relationships, work ethics, and so much more. These topics cover several different topics, such as counseling, family, relationships, career, work ethics, friends, entertainment, advertising, etc. This is one way that the essays can var y; you can decide which one will better fit your personality.The essays can also be broken down into numerous online resources, each with their own information. As a result, students do not have to have a specific resource to gather their information.The essays can also be used in countless of different ways, allowing them to be used online for any number of reasons. As an example, some use it to learn about themselves, others to gather information on the media they are exposed to, others to learn about issues in their own lives, and others to make a more public case about their opinions and ideas. This is a wide variety of uses, and all of them are very practical and powerful.There are many different reasons for writing a critical reflection essay, including knowing what you would want your future employer to know about you, or looking at how society views certain people in your life. There are so many different issues that the essays can address, and the possibilities are endless. For students who may have trouble coming up with ways to properly express themselves, the essays can help to have more ideas to make their words better.For those who may have trouble coming up with their own ideas, there are plenty of options for essays samples to help them. There are many different types of essay samples, and one of the best ones to use is the type that has a short, four-paragraph test. These are often more effective and will catch students' attention easier than longer essay samples, which usually last several paragraphs.Whether or not you are writing an essay for school, or for any other reason, there are numerous essay samples to help you. No matter what the reason for you to write, or how you want to express yourself, there are many different options available to you in order to make your writing more effective.

Function of the Narrative Form in Voltaire’s Candide - Literature Essay Samples

In a study of Voltaire’s Candide, the central critical discussion revolves around the final chapter. Candide’s epic journey finds its conclusion in a garden, where Candide and his companions are reunited and choose to spend the rest of their days working the land, a practical resolution to a novel that is filled with idealism. The majority of critics agree that this work is a satire of Enlightenment Optimism, with Candide’s one-time mentor, Pangloss, as the butt of the joke. Pangloss insists, despite increasingly tragic events that occur throughout the novel, that everything is as it should be, and critics take Candide’s resolution to work in the final chapter as his revelation that Enlightenment Optimism is an impractical philosophy. In his controversial article, â€Å"Gull in the Garden?†, Roy S. Wolper completely omits any criticism of Leibnitz’s ideas and prefers the conclusion that it is Candide, not Pangloss who is the object of satire in this novel, as he doesn’t mature at the end of the novel, but simply gives in to the banalities of everyday life. He asserts that readers should not see Candide as a representative of Voltaire’s thoughts and ideals, but that Candide should be read critically as a work independent of outside philosophies or historical movements. I am in the minority when I state that I agree with Professor Wolper’s argument; Candide doesn’t learn a lesson at the end of this novel, and in fact, the moral at the end of the story, or the lack thereof, is less important than the meaning that can be derived from the structure of the novel itself. The prevailing theme is that of the story-teller and the listener. A series of narrators compete against one another to tell the most tragic tale, and Candide, like the reader, derives a sort of pleasure from hearing about the misfortunes of others. The end of the novel is not a happy ending or a resolution, but simply a lack of desire to tell stories or to listen to them. Each character’s story reaches a brilliantly climactic level of pain and tragedy, only to fall flat in a purgatory-like existence in the final garden. No one is truly happy unless they can compare their pain to the pain of others, and when there are no stories to tell or to hear, life becomes munda ne and one much turn to physical work to stave off boredom. In this sense, the â€Å"meaning† of the Candide – that pleasure can be derived from the pain of others – is echoed in the narrative form of the novel. Candide is structured as a frame narrative, with a fictitious master narrator telling Candide’s story, who in turn serves as listener for the many other characters he encounters along the way who tell their own stories. The title page informs readers that the novel was â€Å"Translated from the German of Doctor Ralph, with the additions found in the Doctor’s pocket when he died at Minden† (Voltaire 1). This â€Å"Doctor Ralph,† who is never mentioned again throughout Candide, serves as an anonymous buffer between Voltaire and his work. Ostensibly, this was to prevent his persecution for what he knew would be a controversial work, but it also adds another layer of narrative to the novel, preparing the reader for a series of stories that will, â€Å"like a Russian doll† encapsulate â€Å"stories within stories,† each of which are â€Å"strikingly similar to Candide itself† (Wootton xxi). This story-within-a-story structure allows the ver acity of the events that unfold to become more and more unreliable, as each tale is filtered through the memory of the storyteller, through Candide’s recounting of it to Doctor Ralph, and yet again through the Doctor’s translation. Even though he has an esteemed title, this Doctor, as English Showalter notes, â€Å"died at Minden, the site of a notorious battle; he thus shared the vulnerability of the characters and perhaps their fallibility† (25). Like Harry Bailey in Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, Candide seeks out these stories from his companions and from strangers as a means of entertainment along his journey, and often persuades others to tell their tales as part of a contest; in The Canterbury Tales, the contest was meant to determine who was the best story-teller, but in Candide, our protagonist wants to know whose story is the most miserable. Oddly enough, in a novel full of characters who love to tell their own tales of misfortune, Candide does n’t have much of a voice. What we know of Candide’s journey is told through the narration of Doctor Ralph, and much of Candide’s dialogue is spent either parroting his mentor, Pangloss, debating with Martin the Scholar, or pining for his lost love, Cunà ©gonde. While Candide’s story is the central one to the novel named for him, it is not told in first-person the way the others are told, and primarily serves as the glue that holds all the other tales together. Candide is widely referred to as a conte, the French for â€Å"tale† and the origin of â€Å"fairy tale,† or contes des feà ©s (Brown 201). In fact, Candide contains many traits of a fairy tale, as defined in the Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature: Fairy tales are episodic: the main character is separated from, or otherwise in trouble with, his or her family. He or she encounters severe or supernatural challenges and difficulties until, finally, all ends happily. Within this framework are set one or more extraordinary [†¦] motifs, such as a character’s ability [†¦] to come back from the dead [†¦] (Brown 201). The novel opens with the line, â€Å"Once upon a time in Westphalia,† (Voltaire 3) a very common opener for a fairy tale, and surely this was meant to set the tone of the novel, as Philip Stewart notes, though he concedes that â€Å"it does not truly answer to that description either† (129). In this sense, Candide is a paro dy of a fairy tale, mimicking its style and format while omitting certain details and turning others on their heads. For example, a novel with so familiar an opening line would be expected to end with â€Å"happily ever after,† and whether this was the outcome or not is the topic of much debate. The bulk of the novel, as it follows Candide on his grand quest to seek out his true love and find happiness, contains many elements of the romance genre as well, but the opening line and the frequent inclusion of first-hand stories within the novel more closely identify it as a fairy tale, considering that â€Å"oral tradition has long provided material for literary fairy tales, and the dynamics of oral transmission have affected the fairy tale’s artistic construction† (Brown 202). Much like a fairy tale, the events that occur in Candide are far too preposterous in scale to be believable, but it is the message behind the fairy tale that Voltaire wants his readers to see k out. A study of the individual narratives within Candide is crucial to finding the meaning that has been embedded in the novel. As Braun explains, â€Å"in Candide meaning is inextricably intertwined with the very fabric of the narrative itself, and cannot be separated from it† (572). The main stories, told by Cunà ©gonde and the old woman, the six kings, and Pangloss and the Baron, do not stand alone, but hold more meaning when compared with their counterparts. Cunà ©gonde’s tale of being orphaned, raped, stabbed, taken prisoner, sold into servitude, and made to watch her tutor and her lover be hanged and flogged, respectively, at first seems tragic beyond belief. But not long after Cunà ©gonde tells her tale, the old woman scoffs at her and asserts that not only was she far more beautiful and noble than Cunà ©gonde in her youth, but suffered a great deal more than her in every aspect. Her mother’s throat was not simply slit, as in Cunà ©gonde’s case, but she was viciously ripped to pieces in front of her very eyes (Voltaire 27). She was not sold into servitude, but outright slavery, several times over. She survived not a mere earthquake, but actually contracted the plague and survived. And as if her tale could not get more comically grotesque, she was relieved of one of her buttocks which was then cannibalized by her captors. Her story so directly parallels and outdoes Cunà ©gonde’s story, and outdoes it in terms of scale and horror, that it becomes comical, and she even seems to relish the notion that she has bested young Cunà ©gonde by telling a more tragic tale. As Showalter notes, â€Å"The old woman tells her story only to prove that she is unhappier than Cunà ©gonde,† (24) fitting with the theme of story-telling as a contest to be won by the least fortunate narrator. The brief yet tragic stories of the six deposed kings whom Candide meets in Venice are told in rapid succession and with no emotion whatsoever. The final line told by each king, â€Å"I have come to spend Carnival in Venice† (Voltaire 81) is repeated almost verbatim, forming a refrain that lightens the mood of the stories, making them almost like a nursery-rhyme with which the reader can gleefully chime in. After leaving, Candide seems more excited at the adventure of having dined with kings than sympathetic to their stories of loss. That Candide gave the final and most unhappy king â€Å"a present of a diamond worth two thousand sequins† (Voltaire 82) is reminiscent of the prize that Martin received as â€Å"winner† of Candide’s story-telling contest earlier in the novel. Just as the old woman’s tale mirror’s Cunà ©gonde’s and the kings’ stories are all very similar, Pangloss’ tale at the end of the novel is so similar to the Baron’s that it seems uncanny. Both were presumed to be dead, both recovered from their wounds, and both were sent to the galley for committing a lewd act that each of them deemed to be totally innocent in nature. This set of stories fits the model set by Cunà ©gonde and the old woman: Cunà ©gonde and her brother tell the first story in each set, with notable lack of emotion and sparse details, and when it’s time for the old woman and Pangloss to tell their own stories, they tell virtually the same tale as their predecessor, only with much more description and a sense of amplified tragedy. Both the old woman and Pangloss â€Å"win† their contest by making use of parallelisms and exaggeration. The kings’ stories fit nicely between these two sets of tales because they are so similar to each other that they form a refrain, or a bridge, between the women and the men. The most surprising aspect of all the stories within the novel, including Candide’s own story, is the unexpected lack of emotion while recounting such horrific tragedies. Even though many of the story-tellers include plenty of descriptors and detail to emphasize how painful their ordeal has been, this seems to only serve the purpose of making their story seem more tragic, more exciting, than the previous tale. As Gianni Iotti notes, â€Å"A principal source of the comic in Voltaire lies in deflating characters’ extraordinary experiences into ordinary ones, reducing – always with irony – the exceptional to the banal, the unacceptable to the normal† (115). The stories are told not to evoke emotional sympathy from other characters (because none of them receive any sympathy, at least not from Candide), but only to outdo each other, to tell the best tale. Details are rattled off one after the other about each tragic experience, with no apparent pauses fo r emotional response or reflection. Each tale ends with a summary in the plainest of speech that serves to both recap the story and enumerate the tragic events that occurred therein. This summary is often followed up with a deflated epigram that distances the reader from any potential emotional response they may have had to the story. For example, Cunà ©gonde ends her tale with the aforementioned recap, then casually says to Candide, â€Å"You must be ravenous, and I have a large appetite; let us begin with supper† (Voltaire 21). Who else, when having just finished recounting the story of their rape and kidnapping, would next think of having a bite to eat? The old woman’s story climaxes when she reveals that she has often thought of suicide as a means to end the tragedies of her life, but she then directs the â€Å"moral† of her tale to Cunà ©gonde: â€Å"In short, Mademoiselle, I have lived, and I know the world† (Voltaire 31). To have survived rape, p lague, slavery, and cannibalization and to simply call that â€Å"living† is certainly an understatement. When Candide prompts the villagers to tell their stories of woe, Doctor Ralph informs the reader that Candide only picks Martin as the winner because he thought he might be and amusing travel companion, and then tosses a few coins to the other story-tellers to thank them for their time. The stories seem to have no emotional effect on Candide whatsoever, and by this point the reader, like Candide, is becoming less and less emotionally concerned with the tragedies that befall the many characters. As Packard notes, â€Å"The absurd accumulation of tragedies is so incredible that humorous and intellectual appreciation are separated from the reader’s emotional involvement† (244). By the time Candide reencounters Paquette, now living as a prostitute after her horrible life, he and Martin use her as an example to settle a bet and simply leave her with the monk, nev er to be mentioned again. However, the story-tellers don’t seem to be seeking sympathy from Candide and the others that hear their tales. For them, the act of telling the story is its own emotional reward. They experience catharsis in the act of telling, and Candide derives pleasure from hearing these miserable tales; he experiences shadenfreude from hearing stories that are more miserable than his own, evidenced by the increasing lack of emotional response to each story that he hears. As it becomes more clear that it is the act of story-telling and the art of narrative that are more important than the actual stories that are told, the final of scene of Candide takes on a new meaning. The most notable difference between the Candide in the garden and the Candide of the rest of the novel is that the Candide of the garden is no longer interested in stories. Having found a relatively idyllic place to call home, he doesn’t have the need to hear that other people’s lives are more miserable than his; in fact, his story takes the same deflated ending that many of the other characters ended their tales with. As Wolper points out, Candide has fulfilled the goals of his quest: â€Å"[he] is the leader of the group, a surrogate baron Thunder-ten-tronckh; he is married to Lady Cunà ©gonde; and he has Pangloss as a constant conversationalist† (268). However, this is a far cry from the â€Å"happily ever after† that was promised by implication of the opening line of the novel. True, Candide has gotten all the he ever wanted, but his ending is mediocre at best: he is the leader of a small group of outcasts; his one true love is old and ugly; and he no longer holds Pangloss’ optimistic ideals as true, having been won over by Martin’s pessimism. As Frances K. Barasch so neatly summarizes, â€Å"true, to burlesque convention, all the friends whom Candide had supposed dead are restored to life and placed safely under his protection on a communal farm. But the ending is not meant to be happy† (4). In the concluding chapter of Candide, Doctor Ralph as narrator stays true to form by neatly summarizing Candide’s adventures, as well as some of the other characters. All are reunited, and instead of the expected emotional response to Candide’s journey and his sufferings, the novel â€Å"ends with a gesture of silencing† (Showalter 25). When Pangloss attempts to provoke Candide into a debate on the f inal outcome of things, Candide simply brushes off his statement, saying â€Å"’That is well said,’ [†¦] ‘but we must cultivate our garden† (Voltaire 94). It seems odd that Candide, once so fascinated by stories and by discussing philosophy with both of his mentors, now has no appetite for conversation and would rather spend his days engaging in physical activities than intellectual ones. He doesn’t argue this point with Pangloss; he simply lets the conversation fizzle out and die. It is disappointing to see Candide’s lust for a good story fade out so quickly and uneventfully, probably because as a reader, we have not lost our desire to hear a story be told. For Candide, without pain, there is no pleasure, and without pleasure, there is only boredom which must be staved off through physical labor. Candide has resigned to his fate, and Doctor Ralph must have seen it fit to end Candide’s story there, before his mundane lifestyle, so far removed from the previous adventures, drives his readers to boredom as well. Works Cited Barasch, Frances K. â€Å"The Grotesque as a Comic Genre.† Modern Language Studies 15.1 (1985): 3-11. JSTOR. Web. 30 Nov. 2011. B Braun, Theodore E.D., Felicia Sturger, and Martine Darmon Meyer. â€Å"Teaching Candide – A Debate.† The French Review 61.4 (1988): 569-577. JSTOR. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Brown, Mary Ellen and Bruce A. Armstrong, eds. â€Å"Fairy Tale.† Encyclopedia of Folklore and Literature. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 1998. Print. Packard, Hyland. â€Å"Mardi: The Role of Hyperbole in Melville’s Search for Expression.† American Literature 49.2 (1977): 241-253. JSTOR. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Showalter, English. â€Å"The Theme of Language in Voltaire’s Tales.† The French Forum 14.1 (1989): 17-29. JSTOR. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Stewart, Philip. â€Å"Candide.† The Cambridge Companion to Voltaire. Ed. Nicholas Cronk. Cambridge: CUP, 2009. 125-138. Print. Voltaire. Candide, or Optimism. Trans. Theo Cuffe. New York: Penguin Books, 2005. Print. Wolper, Roy S. â€Å"Candide, Gull in the Garden?† Eighteenth-Century Studies 3.2 (1969): 265-277. JSTOR. Web. 28 Nov. 2012. Wootton, David. â€Å"Introduction.† Candide and Related Texts. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2000. viii-xxxiii. Print.

Using the Spanish Verb Bastar

Bastar is a fairly common Spanish verb that means to suffice — or, less formally, to be enough. Its use can seem less than straightforward to learners of Spanish, however, because it is often used in different sentence structures than when similar thoughts are expressed in English. The Most Common Uses of the Verb Bastar Impersonal bastar con: Con is the most common preposition to follow forms of bastar, usually in the impersonal third-person phrase basta con. (Other tenses, such as bastaba and bastarà ¡, can also be used.) Although this phrase could literally be translated as it is sufficient with, you need not (and shouldnt!) use such an awkward phrase in English. The phrase is typically followed by a noun or an infinitive: No basta con cerrar el campo de concentracià ³n. It isnt enough to close the concentration camp.Tengo muy baja tolerancia al alcohol: me basta con comer un bombà ³n con licor y ya no conozco ni a mi madre. I have very low tolerance to alcohol; for me, it is enough to eat a liquor bonbon and I dont even know my mother.Me bastaba con un mà ­nimo de 6 gigas. A minimum of 6 gigabytes was enough for me.No basta con una semana descubrir la riqueza histà ³rica del paà ­s. A week isnt enough to discover the countrys rich history.Te basta con mi gracia. My grace is sufficient for you.Me basta con estudiar un poco la noche antes del examen. Its enough for me to study a little bit the night before the test. Note that as in some of the examples, bastar can take an object pronoun. The difference between me basta con un dà ­a and basta con un dà ­a is the difference between a day is enough for me and a day is enough. Bastar para: When bastar has a stated or implied subject (in other words, when its not used impersonally, as in the examples above), it can be followed by para and an infinitive: Una sentencia de culpabilidad no basta para hacer justicia. A guilty verdict is not enough to do justice.Una sola comida con grasas saturadas basta para obstruir las arterias. A single meal with saturated fat is enough to obstruct the arteries. Bastar (a): With a stated or implied subject, bastar can also take direct objects. The direct object is the person for which the stated thing or condition is sufficient: Los planes no le bastan al presidente. The plans arent enough for the president.Me bastarà ­an 50 km/hora. Fifty kilometers an hour would be (fast) enough for me. Bastarse: In the reflexive form, bastarse carries the idea of self-sufficiency: James se basta para desquiciar a los Spurs. James alone can get the Spurs unhinged.Nadie podemos decir que nos bastamos a nosotros mismos. Nobody can say that we can do it all by ourselves. Basta as an interjection: Either alone or with other words, basta can be used in exclamations to indicate having had enough of something:  ¡Basta de racismo! Down with racism! ¡Basta de coches enormes! Enough with big cars! ¡Basta! Enough! ¡Basta ya! Enough already! ¿Basta de todo en TV? Had enough of everything on TV?

Definitions and Examples of Swear Words

A swear word is a word or phrase thats generally considered blasphemous, obscene, vulgar, or otherwise offensive. Also known as  swearing, bad word, obscene word, dirty word, and four-letter word. Swear words serve many different functions in different social contexts, notes Janet Holmes. They may express annoyance, aggression and insult, for instance, or they may express solidarity and friendliness (An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 2013). EtymologyFrom Old English, take an oath Examples and Observations Spock: Your use of language has altered since our arrival. It is currently laced with, shall we say, more colorful metaphors, double dumbass on you and so forth.Captain Kirk: Oh, you mean the profanity?Spock: Yes.Captain Kirk: Well, thats simply the way they talk here. Nobody pays any attention to you unless you swear every other word. Youll find it in all the literature of the period.(Leonard Nimoy and William Shatner in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, 1986)Uses of Swear WordsA final puzzle about swearing is the crazy range of circumstances in which we do it. There is cathartic swearing, as when we hit our thumb with a hammer or knock over a glass of beer. There are imprecations, as when we suggest a label or offer advice to someone who has cut us off in traffic. There are vulgar terms for everyday things and activities, as when Bess Truman was asked to get the president to say fertilizer instead of manure and she replied, You have no idea how long it took me to get him to say manure . There are figures of speech that put obscene words to other uses, such as the barnyard epithet for insincerity, the army acronym snafu, and the gynecological-flagellative term for uxorial dominance. And then there are the adjective-like expletives that salt the speech and split the words of soldiers, teenagers, Australians, and others affecting a breezy speech style.(Steven Pinker, The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window Into Human Nature. Viking, 2007)Social SwearingWhy do we swear? The answer to this question depends on the approach you take. As a linguist--not a psychologist, neurologist, speech pathologist or any other -ist--I see swearing as meaningfully patterned verbal behaviour that readily lends itself to a functional analysis. Pragmatically, swearing can be understood in terms of the meanings it is taken to have and what it achieves in any particular circumstance. . . .Typically, a social swear word originates as one of the bad words but becomes conventionalised in a recognisably social form. Using swear words as loose intensifiers contributes to the easy-going, imprecise nature of informal talk among in-group members. . . . In sum, this is jokey, cruisy, relaxing talk in which participants oil the wheels of their connection as much by how they talk as what they talk about.(Ruth Wajnryb, Language Most Foul. Allen Unwin, 2005)Secular Swearing[I]t would appear that in Western society the major shifts in the focus of swearing have been from religious matters (more especially the breaching of the commandment against taking the Lords name in vain) to sexual and bodily functions, and from opprobrious insults, such as coolie and kike. Both of these trends reflect the increasing secularization of Western society.(Geoffrey Hughes, Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English. Blackwell, 1991)George Carlin on Bad WordsThere are four hundred thousand words in the English language and there are seven of them you cant say on t elevision. What a ratio that is! Three hundred ninety three thousand nine hundred and ninety three . . . to seven! They must really be bad. Theyd have to be outrageous to be separated from a group that large. All of you over here . . . You seven, you bad words.Thats what they told us, you remember? Thats a bad word. What? There are no bad words. Bad thoughts, bad intentions, but no bad words.(George Carlin with Tony Hendra, Last Words. Simon Schuster, 2009)David Camerons Jokey, Blokey InterviewDavid Camerons jokey, blokey interview . . . on Absolute Radio this morning is a good example of what can happen when politicians attempt to be down with the kids--or in this case, with the thirtysomethings. . . .Asked why he didnt use the social networking website Twitter, the Tory leader said: The trouble with Twitter, the instantness of it--too many twits might make a twat. . . .[T]he Tory leaders aides were in defensive mode afterwards, pointing out that twat was not a swear word under ra dio guidelines.(Haroon Siddique, Sweary Cameron Illustrates Dangers of Informal Interview. The Guardian, July 29, 2009)S***r W***s[N]ever use asterisks, or such silliness as b-----, which are just a cop out, as Charlotte Brontà « recognised: The practice of hinting by single letters those expletives with which profane and violent people are wont to garnish their discourse, strikes me as a proceeding which, however well meant, is weak and futile. I cannot tell what good it does--what feeling it spares--what horror it conceals.(David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, Guardian Style, 3rd ed. Guardian Books, 2010)Supreme Court Rulings on Swear WordsThe Supreme Court’s last major case concerning broadcast indecency, F.C.C. v. Pacifica Foundation in 1978, upheld the commission’s determination that George Carlin’s classic seven dirty words monologue, with its deliberate, repetitive and creative use of vulgarities, was indecent. But the court left open the question of whether the use of an occasional expletive could be punished.The case decided Tuesday, Federal Communications Commission v. Fox Television Stations, No. 07-582, arose from two appearances by celebrities on the Billboard Music Awards.Justice Scalia read the passages at issue from the bench, though he substituted suggestive shorthand for the dirty words.The first involved Cher, who reflected on her career in accepting an award in 2002: I’ve also had critics for the last 40 years saying I was on my way out every year. Right. So F-em. (In his opinion, Justice Scalia explained that Cher metaphorically suggested a sexual act as a means of expressing hostility to her critics.)The second passage came in an exchange between Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie in 2003 in which Ms. Richie discussed in vulgar terms the difficulties in cleaning cow manure off a Prada purse.Reversing its policy on such fleeting expletives, the commission said in 2006 that both broadcasts were indecent. It did not matte r, the commission said, that some of the offensive words did not refer directly to sexual or excretory functions. Nor did it matter that the cursing was isolated and apparently impromptu. . . .In reversing that decision, Justice Scalia said the change in policy was rational and therefore permissible. It was certainly reasonable, he wrote, to determine that it made no sense to distinguish between literal and nonliteral uses of offensive words, requiring repetitive use to render only the latter indecent.Justice John Paul Stevens, dissenting, wrote that not every use of a swear word connoted the same thing. As any golfer who has watched his partner shank a short approach knows, Justice Stevens wrote, it would be absurd to accept the suggestion that the resultant four-letter word uttered on the golf course describes sex or excrement and is therefore indecent.It is ironic, to say the least, Justice Stevens went on, that while the F.C.C. patrols the airwaves for words that have a tenuous relationship with sex or excrement, commercials broadcast during prime-time hours frequently ask viewers whether they are battling erectile dysfunction or are having trouble going to the bathroom.(Adam Liptak, Supreme Court Upholds F.C.C.’s Shift to a Harder Line on Indecency on the Air. The New York Times, April 28, 2009)The Lighter Side of Swear WordsTell me, son, the anxious mother said, what did your father say when you told him youd wrecked his new Corvette?Shall I leave out the swear words? the son asked.Of course.He didnt say anything.(Steve Allen, Steve Allens Private Joke File. Three Rivers Press, 2000) Alternate Spellings: swearword, swear-word

Language and the Destiny of Man - 12402 Words

Åžtefan Afloroaei / Descartes and the â€Å"metaphysical dualism† Descartes and the â€Å"metaphysical dualism†: Excesses in interpreting a classic* Al.I. Cuza University of Iasi Abstract The article focuses on one of the most serious accusations brought against Descartes and modern philosophy, namely â€Å"the dualism of substance†. The accusers claim that the human body and soul were viewed as completely separate; consequently, their relationship as such and the united being of man become incomprehensible. As has been shown above, the idea of the separation of the soul from the body did not originate with Descartes; it was formulated much earlier, and repeated by a disciple of Descartes’, Henry Leroy, known as Regius. When Descartes became aware of†¦show more content†¦I will attempt to discuss below how a famous locus obscurus, â€Å"the Cartesian dualism†, emerged and has remained prominent to this day. It can only be properly understood, I believe, in connection with the emergence in the modern world of certain modes of intersubjective life, such as communication in the scholarly and academic environments. To this end, I wil l call attention to one the most serious accusations levelled at Descartes and the entire modern philosophy, i.e. â€Å"the dualism 106 Åžtefan Afloroaei / Descartes and the â€Å"metaphysical dualism† of substances†: the human body and soul have been understood as being two completely separate substances. Consequently, both the relationship between them and man’s lived presence would have become totally incomprehensible. It was claimed that this dualism of substances was the unmistakable symptom of metaphysical thought, which would possibly mean that the very presence of metaphysics is indicative of a serious case of misapprehension or deviation1. However, the very idea of â€Å"Cartesian dualism† may be viewed as a locus obscurus in the philosophical thought. It is an obscure place not only because it has been inadequately examined or debated. Rather because recent history has accepted it completely as the symbolic thesis of a whole tradition of thought. Therefore, it is not surprising to find referencesShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Henry Iv928 Words   |  4 Pagesare wrought with the notion of destiny. The journeys that Macbeth and Hal u ndertake throughout these plays are contrastingly different and each play takes on a different perspective of destiny. In Macbeth destiny is attempted to be controlled by Macbeth himself whereas Hal has a destiny that he was born into, a destiny to be king. Both are portrayed differently in different spheres of their society this will be explored further in the examples below. 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Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero can definitely fit the character of â€Å"Oedipus the King.† The important thing for consideration is the tragic hero and the tragic situation. The proper tragic hero is defined by Aristotle as: There remains then the man who occupies the mean between saintlinessRead MoreNative Americans During Westward Expansion Essay1592 Words   |  7 Pagestime of the expansion of the United States to the present, the Native Americans went through many things so that the United States could expand; they were pushed onto reservations, and forced to give up their culture through the Ideas of Manifest Destiny and Social Darwinism. Despite that, the United States government told the Indians that they would not invade their lands. They soon heard that the Indians had fertile land and decided to allow settlers to move west. â€Å"After hearing tales of fertileRead MoreReflection Paper1322 Words   |  6 Pagescannot know whether it is possible to say both of these at the same time. â€Å"Language is the house of Being.† This saying means that we view the language more as a tool, something always there for us to use. We tend to take advantage of the situation and think that we do not have to think through our problem. We live in our language and we live our lives determined by the langue. We think so far as we bring being to language. Heidegger strongly believes that we put action above thinking because we tendRead MoreThe, And, Bless Me Ultima1282 Words   |  6 PagesAntonio. La Ultima was more than a friend she was like her mentor Antonio had brother’s fighting at war. While Richard was growing up he was never treated like a kid, his father always saw him like a grown man. His father was a person who wanted all his commands to be done as he pleased. He is also a man who dreams about returning to Mexico he does not find himself in the place where he is living. I could also relate to this, my father always tells us that he dreams about returning to Mexico. RichardRead MoreRosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead versus Hamlet Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes of the 1960s- a time significantly different to that of Shakespeare. He relies on the audience’s already established knowledge of Hamlet and transforms a revenge tragedy into an Absurd drama, which shifts the focus from royalty to common man. Within Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, Stoppard uses a play within a play to blur the line that defines reality, and in doing so creates confusion both onstage- with his characters, and offstage- with the audience. Using these techniques , Stoppard

Conformity and Rebellion free essay sample

SEA Synthesis Argument: Conformity and Rebellion Without idiosyncrasies in todays society, the world would be brimming with a myriad amount of followers with very few luminaries. Because of societys growing population of diversity, more and more people are becoming mentors, dignitaries, and pioneers of the world. However, the mass influx of multiplicity is not the result of population growth, but rather, the result of individuals knowing that it is their obligation to rebel and to help improve society.From his Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, Martin Luther King states, l live that even amid todays motor bursts and whining bullets, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow. (10) This quote simply states that there are always opportunities for society to develop. The truth is that most individuals are just merely afraid to rebel and contribute their ideas due to the possible chagrin and harassment they could receive. The poem, Eve Wear the Mask by Paul Lawrence Dunbar, reveals that people hide their thoughts to avoid being tortured by others. We will write a custom essay sample on Conformity and Rebellion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, in the book Fahrenheit 451 when the main character, Guy Montage, desperately tries to resolve his own marital robbers and figure out how his dystrophy society came to be, he discovers that by rebelling and breaking the law, he understands how he can help rebuild and fix his society after a devastating nuclear bomb decimates the city he used to live in. Therefore, individuals are justified in breaking societal laws and norms if they are bettering the lives of others and benefiting society. To begin with, the necessity to rebel has resided within the human being since the beginning of mankind.People are born curious, wanting to know how things work, why things work, and what causes these things to work. For instance, as Captain Beauty of the fire department in Fahrenheit 451 states, At least once in his career, every fireman gets an itch. (59) The significance of this statement truly undermines the characteristic of curiosity. By being curious, people are laying the foundation of rebellion. As this underlying curiosity builds into a burning interest, there is no way to stop the raging inferno of desire from growing until one discovers the answer. Even though, Captain Beauty tells Montage, the books say nothing! (59) Montage refuses to believe Beauty until he reads a book for himself. Without discovering things for themselves, people will never be able to feel happy or sad, which is why the speaker in We Wear the Mask says, It hides our Cheeks and shades our eyes because naturally even though people are born with a necessity to rebel, the reason why many people dont rebel is because they are simply afraid of being judged by others. The speaker says people hide their cheeks so that others cannot tell if they are smiling or not and people shade their eyes often seen as the soul. Without this willingness to question ideas and actions, society cannot be improved. In addition, the role that rebellion plays does not have to be vital. Often, people are inclined to believe that rebellion is an attempt to revolutionize the customs and lifestyles that are familiar and safe. However, they are unaware of the importance of variety in society. The beauty, richness, and color all contribute to defiance. On more than one occasion, Montage neighbor, Claries McClellan, is a huge symbol of rebellion.Often doing strange things out of the ordinary in Montage society, Ms. McClellan [hikes] around in the forests and [watches] the birds and [collects] butterflies. (20) Although she does not ensue a citywide manhunt, she is the main reason behind Montage intellectual change. When she tells him [shes] still crazy. The rain feels good. [She] love to walk in it. Rain even tastes good (1 9), her pristine personality completely alters the manner of how Montage observes his surroundings solely due to the fact of her trying to get him to taste the rain (which he does).This elementary and delicate action is not a full-scale change the world rebellion. Clavicles actions are purely candid ways of getting others to view the world differently. Completely different from there, Claries doesnt break any societal laws to make a difference, but instead, helps others acknowledge the auxiliary sides of life through her anything but conforming actions. Moreover, the words of Martin Luther King Jar. Also describe how rebellion is not always major.He says, Most people will never make the headlines and their names will not appear in Whos Who, yet men and women will know and children will be taught that we have a finer land, a better people, and a more noble civilization (14) The connotation of the quote is that people do not have to be superheroes to make a positive life hang. Most people wont even be recognized for what they have done, but if everyone makes an independent choice in life, then society will become finer as a whole. The simplicity of rebellion can make a difference in society. Lastly, the essence of rebellion is the pivotal characteristic element to continue humanity. Without any variety or mixture of diversity, there is no way a society can become improved. Evidently in We Wear the Mask, the speaker states, We wear the mask that grins and lies, this debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile (1) The speaker shows hat everyone of us conforms one way or another, and it is because we conform that we smile and grin with torn and bleeding hearts. By escaping shame and embarrassment through conforming, we pay for escape through human guile or the deception of human life.Without having the mindset to rebel and to see daylight of the social and literal crimes that take part in everyday life, individuals will not be able to save themselves from their own people. For example, during Montage journey as a fugitive, he notices that after almost being run over For no reason at all in the world [the people in he car] would have killed [him]. ( 122) In addition, because everyone in Montages dystrophy society just wants to have Montage found and killed, they are tricked into believing that a normal everyday citizen walking during the late night was Montage. Although the government may see this as a clever way to fool society, the action Of killing the man was unjust. Instead Of giving the supposed Montage a trial, he was brutally killed by the Hound. Without any kind of opposition, these innocent individuals are killed simply because the citizens failed to even question why Montage is killed and fail to criticize their win actions. Without having the curiosity or ability to disagree with others, then there is no way a society can continue.Thus, the continuation of society ultimately depends on how individuals choose to contribute, maintain, or preserve their knowledge to a perpetually growing culture. Without the intelligence and righteousness to continue the human civilization, the societal collapse in Fahrenheit 451 is eerily accurate as to how the world would end. If individuals are willing to refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight that the bright daybreak of peace ND brotherhood can ne ver become a reality, (9), then the future of mankind is looking up. In other words, if individuals are willing to give everything they can to society, and not give up on fellow citizens of the earth despite the hopelessness or hostility of authority, then they still have a chance in salvaging humanity. People are born to rebel, discover new ideas, and reach new heights. Yet it is only through the work of those who can understand the rectitude of their conformity-defying actions that can help maintain the balance of justice and virtue.

Essential Theories Leadership Motivation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Essential Theories Leadership Motivation? Answer: Introducation The managerial behaviours of Ben and Phil were distinctly different. They employed different techniques of leadership to tackle the existent problems at the workplace. According to Ben Samuels, it was important to treat employees in a proper manner to ensure their loyalty towards the company and retain as much employees as possible. Firing employees was not an option to Ben. The workers had immense amount of trust on Ben. Thus Ben showed a people centric leadership style. These leaders always put people over profits and the gift is the level of allegiance of both the workers and customers alike (Van Wart 2014). On the other hand the management behaviour of Phil was vastly different. He set demanding objectives and weekly meetings were conducted by him with each of the supervisors. Phil followed a disruptive style of leadership wherein the leader takes things into his or her own hands and try to spark transformation. He did not have primary concern on the retention of the employees and fired those who did not work according to the required needs (Jameson 2013). A participative and inspirational leadership style was followed by Ben to a major extent as he gave major amount of importance to his employees. Phil on the other hand did not abide by these styles. Ben and Phil had different principles when it came to managing their employees. Ben believed that it was crucial to treat the employees and the workers in a proper manner so that they could be retained by the company. On the other hand, Phil believed that training the supervisors was a waste of time and he believed in firing the employees on the spot in case they did not fulfil their responsibilities. The short term performance and turnovers were only considered by Phil without any sort of importance on the retention of the employees. The differences are due to the separate outlooks of the managers. While Phil believed in instant results, Ben believed in the long term results and receptivity (MALO? 2012). In case I am selected as a manager of the plant, I would take it upon myself to ensure that both the employee satisfaction as well as their performance is enhanced. I would give an action plan to each of the employees so that they can have a target following which they can work and achieve the targets of the organisation. Instead of firing the employees at one go, I would give them sufficient warnings so that they get ample scope for improvement. I would also make it clear that attainment of performance goals would lead to promotions and other benefits in the job. I would not cut down completely on the celebrations at office, but instead keep it balanced with the work situations. I would ensure a proper balance between work and enjoyment to achieve best results (Gandolfi 2012). The two decisions which were made by Kathy for the group decision procedure were not completely accounting because one of the topics was such that there was the possibility of confusion arising among the employees which was quite high. The first topic of discussion was that regarding fixing of the dates for summer vacations. It was the rule of the organisation that more than two workers would not get the vacation at the same time. Therefore it was only natural for the workers to remain divided in their opinions. The vacation schedules were planned previously based on the requirements and productivity of the workers and the decisions were taken by the manager. Hence there was not much chance of conflict. However in the absence of the managers, confusion was natural among the workers. In case of the productivity issue however it was not completely a wrong decision as the workers could team up together and decide if they wanted a change in the incentive structure and the amount of pay. Therefore there was also a gap in the communication regarding the reasons for the incentives and the revised rates (Lopez-Zafra, Garcia-Retamero and Martos 2012). In case of the discussion on the vacation schedule the manager Kathy could handle the matter differently. Instead of leaving the employees to decide for themselves, Kathy could be present at the time of the discussion as there was bound to be confusion and several disagreements among the workers. Every worker was bound to fight for his or her vacation. While the senior workers gave reasons of their experience and seniority the best performers gave reasons of their productivity for their vacations sanction. Thus in case Kathy would be present at the time of the meeting, the matter could be resolved without any confusion as she would show an impartial approach while tackling it. In case the employees had a level of ease with each other, they could easily sort out issues. Thus Kathy had made certain mistakes in the usage of participation to avoid difficulties by the manager (Miner 2015). The two decisions specifically that on the discussion of the vacation schedules where not appropriate for the inclusion of participation of the workers in the department. Instead of including such heavy topics, simple topics could have been included in the discussion. These could have built the level of attachment among the workers and helped them in taking future decisions with ease. The decision regarding the productivity however was a reasonable choice for discussion however it was not a suitable one for the introduction of the participation in the department (Bakker and Xanthopoulou 2013). The case study clearly shows that Marsha Brown, exhibited certain characteristic traits of leadership in order to help the employees of the bank remain motivated and attached to their work. It can be said in this regard, that Marsha showed Motivational theory of leadership where she worked hard to devise changes such that the employees of the bank who helped in the training of the young managers to be did not remain doing a job which was thankless and also received certain benefits from their daily work (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). It this regard it can be said that Marsha also showed certain qualities of people oriented leadership wherein she understood that for the productivity of her branch of the Metro bank to increase the employees needed to be motivated. The interaction of Marsha with each of her employees wherein she checked and reviewed all of their records showed clearly that she was actually concerned about their prosperity and understood their true potential. This sensitivity towards her workers was one of the main characteristics of a people oriented leader (Trpanier, Fernet and Austin 2012). A proper and detailed study of the case provided reveals clearly that Marsha was a person who could actually show the change happening in the employees lives as well as in the productivity of the bank. She had taken it upon herself to ensure that the low morale and the low productivity level which the bank was facing since a long time would change soon and the bank branch would succeed in treating the employees better. The aim of Marsha was to be the manager of such a branch which would be known as the best in the development of managerial talent and also would offer quality of customer service. She also managed her supervisors well such that they took up some of her responsibilities and thereby set up a perfect balance within the organisation. By the implementation of the policies which she implemented she tried to attain the goals which she had set up for her company (Antonakis and House 2013). With reference to the provided case study it can clearly be said that Marsha is a transformational leader in the true sense of the term. She embodied all the characteristics of a transformational leader. After understanding the reason why the branch of the Metro Bank was experiencing low productivity and morale than expected, she took it upon herself to change the existing proceedings of the bank so that the employees who helped other joiners in getting trained as managers could also benefit from the service which they were providing year after year (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). The business system which allowed only the young managerial trainees to be benefited got changed such that the employees who helped train the managers would also get benefited by them and get appraisals for the work which they did (Dumdum, Lowe and Avolio 2013). Marsha is also a charismatic leader to a certain extent as the changes which she made in the proceedings of the organisation would inspire the workers to work diligently and remain true to their organisation at all times. Thus it can be said that Marsha displayed all the characteristics of both transformational as well as charismatic leadership. References: Antonakis, J. and House, R.J., 2013. The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bakker, A.B. and Xanthopoulou, D., 2013. Creativity and charisma among female leaders: the role of resources and work management.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(14), pp.2760-2779. Chaudhry, A.Q. and Javed, H., 2012. Impact of transactional and laissez faire leadership style on motivation.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7). Dumdum, U.R., Lowe, K.B. and Avolio, B.J., 2013. A meta-analysis of transformational and transactional leadership correlates of effectiveness and satisfaction: An update and extension. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 39-70). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Gandolfi, F., 2012. A conceptual discussion of transformational leadership and intercultural competence.Revista De Management Comparat International,13(4), p.522. Jameson, J., 2013.Leadership in post-compulsory education: inspiring leaders of the future. Routledge. Lopez-Zafra, E., Garcia-Retamero, R. and Martos, M.P.B., 2012. The relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence from a gendered approach.The Psychological Record,62(1), p.97. MALO?, R., 2012. THE MOST IMPORTANT LEADERSHIP THEORIES.Annals of Eftimie Murgu University Resita, Fascicle II, Economic Studies. Miner, J.B., 2015.Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Trpanier, S.G., Fernet, C. and Austin, S., 2012. Social and motivational antecedents of perceptions of transformational leadership: A self-determination theory perspective.Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement,44(4), p.272. Van Wart, M., 2014.Dynamics of leadership in public service: Theory and practice. Routledge.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Early Life Born in Monroeville, Alabama, on April 28, 1926, Nelle Harper Lee is the youngest of three children of Amassa Coleman Lee and Francis Lee. Before his death, Miss Leequot;s father and her older sister, Alice, practiced law together in Monroeville. When one considers the theme of honor that runs throughout Miss Leequot;s novel, it is perhaps significant to note that her family is related to Confederate General Robert E. Lee, a man especially noted for his devotion to that virtue. iss Lee received her early education in the Monroeville public schools. Following this, she entered the University of Alabama to study law. She left there to spend a year in England as an exchange student. Returning to the university, she continued her studies, but left in 1950 without having completed the requirements for her law degree. She moved to New York and worked as an airline reservation clerk. Character It is said that Miss Lee personally resembles the tomboy she describes in the character of Scout. Her dark straight hair is worn cut in a short style. Her main interests, she says, are collecting the memoirs of nineteenth century clergymen, golf, crime, and music. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She is a Whig in political thought and believes in Catholic emancipation and the repeal of the corn laws. Sources Of To Kill A Mockingbird Among the sources for Miss Leequot;s novel are the following: 1 National events: This novel focuses on the role of the Negro in Southern life, a life with which Miss Lee has been intimately associated. Although it does not deal with civil rights as such for example, the right to vote it is greatly concerned with the problem of human dignity dignity based on individual merit, not racial origin. The bigotry of the characters in this novel greatly resembles that of the people in the South today, where the fictional Maycomb County is located. 2 Specific Persons: Atticus Finch is the principal character in this novel. He bears a close resemblance to Harper Leequot;s father, whose middle name was Finch. In addition to both being lawyers, they are similar in character and personality humble, intelligent and hard-working. 3 Personal Experience: Boo Radleyquot;s house has an aura of fantasy, superstition, and curiosity for the Finch children. There was a similar house in Harper Leequot;s childhood. Furthermore, Miss Lee grew up amid the Negro prejudice and violence in Alabama. In addition, she studied law and visited her fatherquot;s law offices as a child, just as Scout visits Atticusquot; office and briefly considers a career as a lawyer. Writing Career Harper Lee began to develop an interest in writing at the age of seven. Her law studies proved to be good training for a writing career: they promote logical thinking, and legal cases are an excellent source of story ideas. After she came to New York, she approached a literary agent with a manuscript of two essays and three short stories. Miss Lee followed his suggestion that she expand one of the stories into a novel. This eventually became To Kill A Mockingbird. After the success of her first novel, Miss Lee returned to Monroeville to begin work on a second one. She learned quickly that privacy was not one of the prizes of a best-selling novelist. These southern people are southern people, she said, and if they know you are working at home, they think nothing of walking in for coffee. Miss Lee also has said that her second novel will be about the South, for she is convinced that her section of the country is the refuge of genuine eccentrics. Miss Lee thinks of herself as a journeyman writer, and of writing as the most difficult work in the world. Her workday begins at noon and continues until early evening. At the end of this time, she may have completed a page or two. Before rewriting, she always allows some time to elapse, for a fresh viewpoint on what she has done. Besides her prize-winning novel, Miss Lee has had several essays published. For example, Christmas to Me appeared in the December, 1961, issue of McCalls, and Love In other Words appeared in the April 15, 1961, edition of Vogue. These essays display the same easy, sympathetic style of her novel. Success Of To Kill A Mockingbird The success of Harper Leequot;s novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, can be assessed from its appearance on the bestseller lists for a period of over eighty weeks. Also the book was chosen as a Literary Guild selection; a Book-of-the-Month book; and a Readerquot;s Digest Condensed Book. It was also published in paperback by Popular Library. In April, 1961, Miss Lee was awarded the Alabama Library Association Award. In May, 1961, she was the first woman since 1942 to win the $500. 0 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In addition to its acclaim in the United States, To Kill A Mockingbird has received awards in foreign countries. For example, in Britain it was selected British Book Society Top Book of the Year. It remained on the British book lists as a top seller for many months. Besides this, it has been translated into several foreign languages. This is an unusual amount of honor to be conferred on any novel; that an authorquot;s first work should receive such recognition is truly extraordinary. Background Of The NovelEarly South In order to appreciate To Kill A Mockingbird fully, the reader should be familiar with some of the background of its setting. The South in the colonial times grew into an area with large cotton plantations and small cities. Because of the necessity for cheap labor to pick and seed the cotton, Negro slavery took a strong hold there. At the outbreak of the American Revolution, there were over 500,000 slaves in this country, with by far the greatest number in the South. As time passed, plantation owners formed a landed aristocracy. The Negroes, though slaves, gained a measure of economic security. On the perimeter of this were the poorer white farmers who either owned small pieces of land or worked as sharecroppers. Civil War With the invention of machines like the cotton gin, that could do the work of many men, the need for slaves began to decrease. The profitability of slavery also decreased, and plantation owners often treated Negroes with less kindness. There were two extremes. A few Southerners gave their slaves freedom, while others totally disregarded them. The Civil War brought slavery to an end, but created other, worse problems. The carpetbaggers who streamed into the South for political and economic gain aggravated the wounds which the war had opened. The Negro was caught in the middle. On the one hand, the Northerners claimed to be working for his benefit, but were really doing little. On the other, the Southerners began to take out their bitterness for the Yankees on the Negroes. The colored man represented two things to the Southerner. First, he was a slave who was now forcibly being given equal rights with his former master. Second, he was the symbol of defeat, and a reminder of what the North had done to the South. Therefore, he became an outcast, a scapegoat to be subjugated and mistreated. Post Civil War As time passed and new methods for farming and cotton production were developed, many people in Southern rural areas became extremely poor. Some moved to the city; others stayed on the land to try to get whatever was possible out of it. Then, in 1929, the Great Depression hit the United States. The farmers seemed to suffer most because they depended entirely upon their land for a living. Their crops rotted, and they had little or no money for seed. But, in 1932, a new era was ushered into American political and economic life. With Franklin Roosevelt, the federal government began to take an active interest in the workingman. Laws regulating farm production, labor unions, and social security became a part of the American way of life. A new social consciousness was arousing many people in the nation. Novel In Its Setting To Kill A Mockingbird is set against this background of 1930 Southern life. The Finches are a family who once had a large, successful plantation. Their ancestors had been aristocratic ladies and gentlemen of the South. Now they have been reduced to gentile poverty. They are better off by far than the Cunninghams, for example, who have nothing but their land. Atticus Finch has his law career, and Alexandra is still able to make a living at Finchquot;s Landing. Actually, the extremes of poverty are illustrated in the Ewells and the Negroes. The Ewells are poor, but they donquot;t want to do anything about it. The Negroes are poor because nobody will let them do anything about it. The Ewells wonquot;t work even when they can. The Negroes will work, but the only jobs available to them are the menial, low-paying ones. Chapter 1 Scout Jean Louise Finch narrates the story, beginning with a brief family history. Simon Finch, a fur-trapping apothecary journeyed from England to Alabama, establishing the family which made its living from cotton on Simonquot;s homestead, Finchquot;s Landing. The Civil War left the family only its land, which was the source of family incomes until the twentieth century when Atticus Finch Scoutquot;s father and his brother Jack left the land for careers in law and medicine. Atticus settled in Maycomb, the county seat of Maycomb County, with a reasonably successful law practice about twenty miles from Finchquot;s Landing, where his sister Alexandra still lived. Scout describes Maycomb as a lethargic, hot, colorless, narrow-minded town where she lives with her father, brother Jem four years older and the family cook, Calpurnia. Scoutquot;s mother had died when she was two. When she was five, Scout and Jem found a new friend, Dill Harris Goinquot; on seven, next door in Miss Rachel Haverfordquot;s collard patch. Dill was Miss Rachelquot;s nephew from Meridian, Mississippi, who spent ummers in Maycomb. In the summertime, Jem, Scout and Dill usually played within the boundaries of Mrs. Henry Dubosequot;s house two doors north and the Radley place three doors south. .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .postImageUrl , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:hover , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:visited , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:active { border:0!important; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:active , .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3 .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub6e27dd7e75c8c6cd3b8aa07648f99f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Lord of the Flies Paper EssayThe Radley place fascinated the children, because it was a popular subject of gossip and superstition in Maycomb. Arthur Radley had gotten into trouble with the law when he was a boy. Instead of being sent to the state industrial school, his father took custody of him within their house. He was not seen again for fifteen years. Many legends grew up about the Radley house and about what went on inside. Miss Stephanie Crawford, a neighborhood gossip, added fuel to the fire a fire which included stories of crime, mutilation, curses and insanity. Dill was fascinated by these stories, and gave Scout and Jem the idea of making Boo Radley come out of seclusion. When Dill, always eager for some new adventure, dared Jem to run up to the house and touch it, Jem thought things over for a few days. Finally, filled with fear, he accepted the dare. He ran up, touched the house, and ran back. As the three children stared at the old house, they thought they saw an inside shutter move. Comment Many themes and plot-themes emerge in Chapter 1. Great emphasis is placed on the world of Scout, Jem, and Dill a small world bounded by a few houses and composed of only a few people. From the limited knowledge of this small childish world at the novelquot;s opening, Jem and Scout broaden with the passing of years and events. By the time the novel reaches its conclusion, they will have learned much more about human nature. Also, Miss Lee emphasizes the Radley family. They are the focal point for the development of numerous themes to come. For example, when old Mr. Radley died, Calpurnia did something she had never been known to do before. She spoke evil about a white man when she said, There goes the meanest man ever God blew breath into. Finally, there are the themes relating to family and the Maycomb setting. They increase in importance from chapter to chapter. Chapters 2 and 3 Scout At School Dill returned to Mississippi at the end of the summer. Although she was looking forward to school more than anything in her life, Scoutquot;s first day at school was a disappointment. When Miss Caroline tried to teach reading, Scout was bored. Much to Miss Carolinequot;s dismay, Scout was already accomplished at reading and writing. She told Scout to tell her father not to teach her anything more, because it would interfere with her reading. Later, at lunch time, Walter Cunningham had no food with him. When the teacher tried to give him a quarter, the boy would not take it. Scout made the mistake of trying to explain the reason to Miss Caroline. The Cunninghams were poor country folks who had been hit hard by the Depression and were too proud to accept charity. For her trouble, Scout got her fingers cracked. Thinking that Walter Cunningham was the cause of her difficulty, Scout tried to beat him up. Jem would not let her. Instead, he invited the boy to lunch at their house. That afternoon, Miss Caroline saw a cootie crawl out of Burris Ewellquot;s hair. She was shocked by this and told the boy to go home and wash his hair. The boy really did not care, however, and became abusive, since he was in school only because the truant officer had made him come. He did not plan to return. That night Scout had a talk with her father. She said she hoped that Atticus would allow her to stay home from school like Burris Ewell. However, he explained to her that the Ewells were a different kind of people. They did not care about learning and had been a disgrace to Maycomb for generations. Then Atticus made a bargain with his daughter. He told Scout that he would continue to read to her every night provided she would go back to school and promise not to tell her teacher about it. Comment These two chapters can be considered together for they contain the story of Scoutquot;s first experience away from her narrow world at home. The reader must remember that although she was bright for her age, Scout was only six. Whatever she had learned thus far, she had learned at home from her father, her brother, Calpurnia, and a few neighbors. Therefore, she had much to learn from and about the rest of the world. For example, Scout was a town girl and not a farm girl like many of the other children in the class. Miss Caroline, the teacher, was not from Maycomb, and could not be expected to know or to understand the peculiarities of the people of Maycomb. The little girl could not comprehend why Miss Caroline did not have a better understanding. With her limited experience, Scout thought that people were alike everywhere. Therefore, she thought that her teacher should automatically know that the Cunninghams were poor. Also she thought that her teacher should understand that the Cunninghams, and other people of Maycomb, were too proud to accept anything that they could not pay back. But Maycomb was farm country, and farmers were a set breed of men, prizing independence more than a full stomach. Miss Caroline was from the city; Scout learned that city people were different. Miss Caroline: Note, however, that Miss Caroline seemed to have learned something that first day at school too. In the morning, she became disturbed when Scout tried to tell her about Walter Cunningham. In the afternoon she was quite willing to listen to one of the older children when he explained to her about Burris Ewell. Thus the reader will find this entire novel is a series of experiences in which one character will gain new insights from his association with the others. New Names: There are two important new names introduced in these chapter Walter Cunningham and Burris Ewell. Both are from the poor, rural section of the county. However, the reader should notice the difference in their characters. Walter is proud and independent; he wonquot;t accept charity. He apologizes for still being in the first grade. At lunch Atticus speaks to him about farming as though he were a grown man. On the other hand, Burris Ewell is surly. He dares Miss Caroline to make him do anything. Here, therefore, the author presents the reader with the first series of character contrasts. These will be important to the reader throughout the entire novel, especially if he expects to be able to understand fully the theme of the story. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 Radleyquot;s Oak Tree Because Scout was in the first grade, she got out of school thirty minutes earlier than her brother. This meant a walk home alone past the dreaded Radley house. Usually she would run by it. There were two giant oaks on the Radley property. One day as Scout was running past, she noticed something shiny in a knothole of one of the trees. Examining it, she found two pieces of chewing gum. When she decided they were all right to eat, she put them into her mouth. When Jem came home, he made her spit out the gum. Anything found on the Radley place might be poison. On the last day of school the children found a box with two pennies in it. They did not know what to make of the situation, but they decided to keep the pennies. Dill Returns Two days later Dill arrived. As usual he was full of wild stories and anxious to play games of make-believe. The group decided to play a game modeled on the life of Boo Radley. One of the stories about him was that he had stabbed his father with a pair of scissors, so the children began to act this out every day. They continued until Atticus caught them and took away the scissors. While the two boys played a scissorless version of their Boo Radley game, Scout became friendly with Miss Maudie Atkinson, a benevolent neighbor who had grown up with Atticusquot; brother Jack. The two of them would sit on Miss Maudiequot;s porch and talk. One day they had a talk about Boo Radley and Miss Maudie tried to explain the mystery of the Radley family. Recalling that Arthur had been nice to her as a boy, she called the Radley house a sad place. She denied the rumors about Boo as three-fourth colored folks and one-fourth Stephanie Crawford. The next morning Jem and Dill decided they would try to drop a note into the Radley house by using a fishing pole. While they were doing this, Atticus came by and once more warned them about bothering the Radleys. On the last night before Dill had to return home to Mississippi, the boys hatched a plot. They decided to sneak through the back of the Radley property and take a peak through one of the windows. While doing this, they saw the s hadow of a man pass by. As they ran toward the back fence, a shotgun blast went off. The three of them hurried even more and managed to escape. However, when they got home, Jem realized that he had lost his pants. He had had to squirm out of them while crawling under the Radley fence. Thus he found himself faced with another problem. That night, after everyone had gone to bed, he went back after his pants. Luckily, they were still there. Comment These chapters reveal the childrenquot;s reaction to the Radley place, and to the Radleys themselves. It is a typically childish viewpoint. For example, Scout could not eat the gum because anything found on the Radley place might be poison. Also in these chapters there is childish imitation. The life which the Radleys led was very unusual. The family remained almost constantly in the house. The children, with a natural inclination to imitate the unusual in the adult world, wanted to play the Radley game. The Radley game was their Maycomb substitute for playing cowboys and Indians. With a typical childlike love of adventure and a curiosity to discover the unknown, Scout, Jem and Dill longed to discover the answer to the Radley mystery. They could not understand it as Atticus or Miss Maudie did. They had to try to find out for themselves what went on inside the secretive home. .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .postImageUrl , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:hover , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:visited , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:active { border:0!important; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:active , .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6562c41a5054605976921bbf8d8c1c8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anthony Burgess's novel EssayThus the incident of the note on the end of the fishing pole and the night visit. Notice, however, that although the children are curious, they are not foolishly brave. For example, they have the length of the fishing pole between them and the house. Also they chose the darkness of night to sneak up to the window. Chapter 7 School started again. The second grade was as bad as the first, only worse. One afternoon, Jem told Scout that when he returned to get his pants, they were hanging over the fence. Some one had mended the tear Not like a lady sewed quot;em, . . . All crooked. After this, the children began to find more things in the tree. F irst a ball of twine; then two soap dolls; and finally an old watch. They decided they should write a thank-you note to whoever was giving them these things. However, when they went to put the note into the knothole, Jem and Scout found that it had been filled in with cement. Nathan Radley, Booquot;s brother, said he had done this because the tree was dying and this was the way to save it. Atticus home from work and told Jem, That treequot;s as healthy as you are. Scout noticed that Jem had been crying when he came in that night. Hear Second Grade was Bad as the First: The second grade was as bad as the first, only worse. Comment In this chapter the children begin to stop taking things for granted. They try to figure out how the articles in the tree got there. When they conclude that it is probably Boo Radley who is putting them there, they do the logical thing. They write a note which they intend to put into the tree. There is a difference, however, in the way in which each one reacts to the cement. Scout is still very young. She knows that Nathan Radley is being mean, but it does not affect her personally. On the other hand, the older Jem is more sensitive and feels things more deeply. He cries not for himself but for Boo Radley. He cannot comprehend how one man can be deliberately cruel to another. In his childlike way, Jem realizes that Boo Radley must have enjoyed putting those articles into the tree for them. Jem also realizes that the man was very considerate to sew his pants. Because of his youth, he does not know how to fight adult cruelty. Thus he cries. Chapter 8 Usually Maycomb had hot summers and mild winters. When snow fell one night, Scout thought it was the end of the world. She had never seen it before. Because of this unexpected cold weather, everyone had fires going at home. During the night, Miss Maudiequot;s house caught fire. Since all the houses were old wooden ones, everyone had to go out into the cold night. While Scout was watching the firemen at work, someone slipped a blanket around her shoulders. Later, first Jem and then Atticus realize that Boo Radley must have done this. Jem is afraid to return the blanket; he is afraid of what Nathan may do to Boo. Atticus agrees that they should keep the blanket and the incident to themselves. Comment Kindness is a prominent theme in this chapter. There is the unexpected kindness of Boo Radley. An air of mystery pervades the blanket incident because no one realizes at the time that the action is being taken. The effect on Scout is typical. She is all right until it dawns on her what has happened. Then she is sick with fright at the thought that Boo Radley stood right behind her and touched her. On the other hand, Jem reacts differently again. His first concern is Boo. In a babbling attempt to defend him, Jem blurts out the story of his pants to Atticus. His compassion is genuine. He is afraid of what Nathan may do to Boo. As soon as his fear for Boo is relieved, however, he relaxes and makes a joke at Scoutquot;s expense he re-enacts the scene for her benefit, frightening her terribly. Miss Maudie Courage is also an important theme, embodied in Miss Maudiequot;s character. The day after her house burned down, she did not wallow in self-pity. She laughed and said that she was glad that the whole thing had happened. Now she would be able to build a smaller house, take in roomers, and have more room for the plants which she loved so dearly. The children were perplexed by her unexpected good humor, but they admired her good-natured bravery in the face of personal tragedy. Chapter 9 Chapter 9 introduces the reader to the main action of the story Atticus Finchquot;s defense of the Negro Tom Robinson. Maycombquot;s usual disease, as Atticus calls it, begins to show itself. The narrow-minded bigotry of the townspeople and of the Finch family is hard for Scout to cope with. First there was Cecil Jacobs who announced in the schoolyard that Scoutquot;s daddy defended niggers. Scout denied it, but ran home to get an explanation. Atticus told her that he was going to defend Tom Robinson, a member of Calpurniaquot;s church. He explains that the case is very important to him personally, and requests that Jem and Scout try to ignore the talk they will hear around town. Next day, Scout is ready to fight Cecil Jacobs again, but remembers Atticusquot; request and walks away from a fight for the first time in her life. Some time later they left for Finchquot;s Landing for the customary family Christmas celebration with Uncle Jack, Aunt Alexandra and cousin Francis. Francis taunts Scout by calling Atticus a nigger-lover, saying that hequot;s ruininquot; the family. Scout flies to her fatherquot;s defense with fists and bathroom invective, but gets a spanking from Uncle Jack. Later he apologizes when he hears her side of the story, and promises not to tell Atticus what Scout and Francis really fought about. Comment This chapter is very important if the reader is going to understand the full meaning of this novel. Atticus has been appointed to defend a Negro. Scout is ridiculed by one of her schoolmates because of this. Here is shown the attitude of the townspeople toward the Negroes. Then on Christmas Scout hears the same talk from her cousin Francis. This shows the attitude of the Finch family itself about the problem. Both Cecil Jacobs and Francis are, of course, echoing what they have heard the adults say on the subject. Obviously, to both family and townspeople it seems that Atticus Finch is making a mistake. How does Scout act about this matter: She wants to fight with her fists. But she soon learns that this is not the way to combat a dispute over ideas. Uncle Jack spanks her, but in her mind he has been unfair. Uncle Jack had not listened to her side of the story. When she can tell him about it in the quiet of her room, he says that he is sorry. Scout And The Adults What then is the picture of the world in the mind of this child, and how does it foreshadow the future events of the story? At first Scout fights with her fists because she does not know how to fight any other way. Then she sees adult injustice applied to her by Uncle Jack, some one whom she loves. She begins to realize that lack of knowledge and lack of forethought often lead people to do things that they might not otherwise do. Later, when Scout sees the injustice performed by the people against the Negro Tom Robinson, she is going to be able to have just a little bit better understanding of the reasons for it. Chapter 10 The first nine chapters give us a picture of Atticus Finch as a kind and understanding man. He is also an upright man who is trying to raise his children properly. In this chapter we get a clearer picture of him. First we see him through the eyes of his children. To them he is old and feeble because he canquot;t play football. Then an event occurs to change this picture. A mad dog comes down the street. It is Atticus who is called upon to do the shooting. His children see him now as a brave man. Scout wants to brag about this to all her friends, but Jem tells her not to. Comment To the reader this chapter might seem out of place. It appears to be an unrelated incident. However, it serves to help prepare the reader for what is to follow. In a sense, it sums up the character of Atticus Finch. Thus far we have seen him as a very quiet and serious person. Now the author shows another side of his character. He is brave but in a different way. He does the day-to-day actions so well that when he is called upon to do an extraordinary action, its performance comes naturally to him. Scout Vs. Jem Again we see a contrast in the attitude of the two children. The younger Scout still cannot understand why things should or should not be done. For example, she cannot understand why Atticus never told his children about his ability to shoot. On the other hand, Jem, the older child, is beginning to have a sense of values. He realizes that being a man, and more importantly, a gentleman, is not just in acting and talking. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example For Students To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Harper Lee , the author and winner of the Pulitzer Prize for the novel To kill a mocking bird. Harper Lee was born in 1926 in Monroeville, in the south west of Alabama. She is the youngest of four children of Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. Harper Lee attended Huntingdon College 1944-45, studied law at University of Alabama 1945-49, and studied one year at Oxford University. Her fathers occupation was law. This relates to To kill a mocking bird since scouts father, Atticus Finch, was also a lawyer. It creates an effect of a fictional autobiography because it contains elements of fiction and autobiography. She was the youngest in her family this is also part of putting elements of her life into a book. The book was written in 1957 and published in 1961. This was at the time of the Martin Luther King and Malcolm X movement who were fighting for racial equality. The novel has no fixed genre, this is what makes it such an interesting and refreshing novel, since it keeps changing its genre. In the 1930s the state of Alabama, racism was still present in large numbers. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There was a segregation between blacks and whites. Black people had to go to black schools, to black churches, and live in certain areas. This all relates to the American civil war. A war between the Northern Union and the Southern Confederacy. The North were abolitionists, they wanted to abolish slavery since industrialism and machines, but the southern slavery based economy were against it. It soon escalated into political rivalry then into a civil war. The north were superior to the south in numbers and resources. The south held the north at bay with military tactics of Robert E. Lee. Through pass of time the south ran out of resources and territory and soon surrendered. Slavery was abolished throughout the whole of America. Most southerners disagreed with that and still believed that whites where superior to coloureds and created a racial segregation. Racism wasnt the only problem in the south. There was also prejudice against women and class prejudice. In the book one of the main examples of prejudice is Boo Radley because he always kept to himself. This links to Maycomb because it is a narrow minded town and always judge people before they get to know them. Maycomb is a fictional town set in non-fictional Alabama. It is an inward looking town ruled by gossip, superstition and racism. It would be difficult to change such a narrow minded town since that rarely visitors come, so there is hardly changes and if someone decides to make changes, a perfect example would be Atticus defending Tom Robinson, the town would get furious and think of it as an outrage. This is why it is very difficult to start doing changes in a town like Maycomb. The main themes of the book are changes and growing up. It all starts when we learn about Maycomb through Scouts eyes. We then learn about other characters such as the Cunninghams, and we learn about how they farming business ruined since the Wall Street Crash. The Cunninghams are country folks, farmers and the crash hit them hardest. We also learn about the Ewells the disgrace of Maycomb for three generations whom are putting Tom Robinson on trial. We also learn about Arthur Boo Radly, around whom a lot of themes of prejudice are involved. The novel is written in first person from scouts perspective. It is an effective method since scout is a little girl learning about her surroundings and about the town, the reader learns with her. With scouts learning and discoveries we get a three hundred and sixty degrees perspective about the town and the society at the time. We see the novel mainly through scouts young and innocent eyes. When it was snowing in Maycomb scout thought the world was ending The worlds ending, Atticus! Please do something Scout has never seen snow and therefore she thought something dreadful was about to happen. Scout doesnt know everything and somethings she cant figure out, but to help her Atticus always explains things to her which also enlightens us with valuable resources and knowledge. Scout uses at sometimes American dialogue such as shinny, which was another term for alcohol. There is also the way of talking the black community of Maycomb used. I wants to know why you bringin white chillun to a nigger church. This is another way of showing that black people never received good education because of segregation. The novel is structured in two parts one part focuses on childrens games and Boo Radley and part two focuses on adult games of Tom Robinsons trial. Harper Lee uses various literacy techniques to create and atmosphere and a detailed description of characters. Scout is a perfect example she employs similes when describing a character such as Dill His hair was snow white and stuck to his head like duckfluff. Another example is about about miss Maudies sun hat Miss maudies sunhat was suspended in a thin layer of ice, like a fly in amber. Harper Lee also uses personification when describing areas and objects Maycomb is a tired old town she is trying to imply that Maycomb has been around for a long time. The remains of a picket drunkenly guarded the front yard This implies that the picket was not standing straight. Harper Lee also uses language that seems absolutely normal but has an internal meaning Alexandra, Calpurnias not leaving this house until she wants too This Implies that Atticus has a strong and honest sense of leadership against racism and prejudice. Harper Lee uses metaphors as well such as in this quote of her describing Walter Cunningham Walter looked like as he had been raised on fish food; his eyes, as blue as Dill Harris, were red-skimmed and watery This is a detailed metaphor to describe Walter. Humour is also used, often regarding Scouts innocence and how it contrasts with tragedy. Dont you believe in foot-washing? We do. At home in the bathtub this shows that Scout is not sure what people mean so she speaks what she thinks, this creates a sense of humour. .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .postImageUrl , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:hover , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:visited , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:active { border:0!important; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:active , .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31 .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u395646d10a5fbedaa2d8402442935e31:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Describe Frankenstein EssayAnother few ways she uses humour is in this quote The worlds endin, Atticus please do something This shows that her innocence is very humerous due to her understanding, she never seen snow so she thought the world would end when it started snowing. In To kill a mockingbird a lot of symbolism is employed, one example is Tom Robinson, the quote They dont do one thing but sing their hearts out for us, thats why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird this implies that Tom Robinson did not do anything but he gets convicted, and killed which is a sin. Towards Boo Radley symbolism is also employed. One is from when they describe Boos house their roots reached out into the side roads this symbolizes Boo trying to reach out of isolation. One other good use of symbolism is when Atticus guards the door , a mob arrives wanting to hurt Tom Robinson and Scout runs towards Atticus I pushed my way through dark smelly bodies and burst into the circle of light This is trying to imply that the mob is evil like demons, and the burst of like surrounding Atticus makes him look like an angel, in comparison to the demons surrounding him. In the town of Maycomb one can see that the white community still felt superior to black people. One can see that black people didnt get education because of segregation in the chapter when Jem and Scout go to Calpurnias chuch. Cal, I whispered, where are the hymn-books? we dont have any This shows that the black community did not receive reasonable education. Before the Tom Robinson case started when Atticus wanted to defend Tom Robinson him and his children where called nigger-lover, this shows a sign of racism in the community, also what mrs. Dubose said to Jem What has this come to when a Finch goes against his raising This statement implies that even if slavery was abolished, people where still taught that whites would be superior, this is an act of racism. Aunt Alexandra was also a sterotype in the Maycomb community. According to Scout Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand into a glove. This shows that her stereotype behaviour and gossiping habbits remained. But Alexandra is not nice towards Calpurnia Put my bag in the front bedroom Calpurnia Alexandra was ordering Calpurnia around like a slave when she is actually a servant. The Finches are a white middle class society. Scouts father is a lawyer, a respectable high profiled job. His brother Jack Finch studied medicine, as we can see the Finch family have middle-class income occupations. Aunt Alexandra is obsessed with teaching the Finch children about their superior backround Being southerners, it was a source of shame to some members of the family that we had no recorded ancestors on either side of the Battle of Hastings. This supports the idea that Alexandra wanted to prevent shame from being upon her family which makes her partially racist. Scout is also prejudice towards Walter Cunningham, when they invite him to have lunch with them Scout says He would have probably have poured it into his milk glass had I not asked him what sam hill he was doing This shows that everyone has a different way of eating, but scout never seen Walters so she was prejudice to him, she wanted him to eat like she did. The Cunninghams are farmers whom the crash hit them hardest. Since they could not make enough money to repay the money to Atticus so he repays him by giving him what he posses on harvest, Because thats the only he can pay me. He has no money. This shows that even if he has no money, Mr. Cunningham sticks to his word by repaying Atticus with every means necessary. Different people were put into different classes. It all depended on how rich or poor you were or the job you had or the colour of your skin. The Finch family was at the top of the class and the Robinsons were at the bottom. The Whites at the top and the Negroes at the bottom. In the trial for Tom Robinson we found out that Tom helped out Mayella with some of her chores because he felt sorry for her. This wasnt the best thing to say because why would a Negro feel sorry for a white person. Every class should look down on the class below it. The Ewells however where below the white society as white trash such as Boris Ewell his neck was dark grey, the backs of his hands were rusty, and his finger-nails were black sheep into the quick this shows that the Ewell household is messy and the father doesnt care what happens to his children. Atticus said that The Ewells had been the disgrace of Maycomb for three generations This shows the caste system that is present in Maycomb because there is little to change they took for granted attitudes, character shading, even gestures, as having been repeated in each generation and refined by by time Their society rule governed and had accepted social conventions of behavious. Hierachy meant that Tom should not have felt sorry for Mayella. People were categorized in terms of their presumptions about family groups or class, rather than seeing each person as ab individual. .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .postImageUrl , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:hover , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:visited , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:active { border:0!important; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:active , .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3989f54bfc6998632f270205c6a25a7f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adventures Of Huck Finn Recognition EssayThere is also sexual prejudice in To Kill a Mocking Birdi , for example Scout has to wear a dress to school and has to accompany the ladies of Maycomb for their weekly gathering. However, Jem does not have to be present. The appearance of females is one particular view that Harper Lee projected to me as the reader. This is because the women all have the same routines and all have well kept appearances. The females are very feminine and stereotypical and never question their roles. (Why dont people like Miss Maudie sit on the bench? asks Scout. There is no hint at a woman being part of the jury. ) Miss Maudie has also a different per spective towards religion. All the women in Maycomb go to church every Sunday, but miss Maudie doesnt. Miss Maudie describes that sometimes the bible in the hands of one is worse than a whiskey bottle in the hands of-oh your father With this quote she is trying to imply that even if Atticus would be drunk, he would be more sane than a sober priest. She also says that Boo Radleys father was a foot-washing Baptist. Foot-washers believe anything thats pleasure is a sin so foot-washer Baptists cursed her for caring too much for flowers. Aunt Alexandra wanted too teach scout to stop being a tomboy and behave like a lady, as she is supposed to behave. I could do nothing in a dress this symbolizes how difficult it is to be a women in a prejudice society. Boo Radley was a victim of prejudice. Since he doesnt show himself, rumours started building up. Such as in this quote Boo bit it off when he couldnt find any cats and squirrels to eat. This quote suggests that the time Boo was locked up they thought he became a barbaric animal. It all started with gossip then to rumours then to superstition, When peoples azaleas froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. This shows that he was feared so much by rumours the community became supersticious about him. Miss Maudie had different views on religion snce some foot-washing Baptist passed her house and passed by this place and told me, me and my flowers were going to hell This shows that they where very strict on religion, and Miss Maudie wasnt. Miss Maudie has also a sense of tolerance She loved everything that grew in Gods earth, even the weeds this shows a sign of tolerance. People where also prejudice against her because she was a widow, and as a widow she had to stay inside her house and grief over her husband, she didnt she spent more time outside in her garden. Miss Maudie hated her house: time spent indoors was time wasted This shows that she is not like other women who would stay indoors. There is also prejudice in the Atticus family, between his relatives. At the Christmas family reunion, family members where not so keen to Atticus, Jem and Scout. After talking to Francis, Scouts cousin, he made offensive insults to her father which got Scout really furious it aint you fault. I guess it aint your fault if Uncle Atticus is a nigger-lover. This shows that it is very hard to even change the tolerance of the own family, and Atticus is the first in his family, or maybe the only one to defend a black person. Dolphis Raymond is also a victim of prejudice. He is a white man married to a black woman and lives with her and his children. Hes got a coloured wife and all sorts of mixed chillun he shows tolerance and is isolated because people in maycomb disapprove of black and white mixing. Coloured folks wont have them because theyre half white; white folks wont have em cause theyre coloured, this shows that they dont belong anywhere in a community such as Maycomb. There are solutions to beat prejudice, one of them is Atiicuss maxim You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it. It shows that to understand a person or how he feels one needs to see things from their perspective. One way how Harper Lee challenges sterotypes is in the relationship of blacks and white by comparing the Ewells residence with the blacks residence. At the Ewells it is raw place, it is behind the city garbage dump, which tells us that ironically they are white trash. the Ewells gave the dump a thorough gleaning everyday this shows that the Ewells where so poor and miserably low in life that they lived behind a dump, and searched the garbage thoroughly to scavenge some items that might be of use. Now to compare it to the blacks residence In the frosty December dusk, their cabins looked neat and snug with pale blue smoke rising from the fires inside. This shows that the black people where more civilized, a person would think that Bob Ewell would be more civilized that the black community but Harper Lee changed it the other way around to challenge prejudice. The book has relevance to our modern society today, because we can all learn from the book of justice and equal opportunities, if we follow Atticuss symbol. There is still racism present yet not as much as there used to be. There where fights and struggles for justice, mainly from the Martin Luther King and Malcolm X movement who fought for racial equality in America. Stereotypes are intolerant and are unfair towards other people, this causes prejudism which then leads to in-justice. Harper Lees message is still applicable today, if we teach the over all message of Atticuss maxim to the next generations we could reduce prejudice actions from taking place. To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example For Students To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example For Students To Kill a Mockingbird Essay To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a book that i would reccomend for anyone to read. This book talks about the issues of prejidice and how it affects the community. When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem broke his arm badley at the elbow. When it healed, and Jemss fears of never being able to play football were assuaged, he was seldom self-conscious about his injury. His left arm was somewhat shorter than his right; when he stood or walked, the back of his hand was at right angles to his body, his thumb parallel to his thigh. He couldnt have cared less as long as he could pass and punt. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When enogh years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident. I maintain that the Ewells started ti all, but Jem , who was four years my senior, said it atarted long before that. He said it began the summer Dill came to us, when Dill first gave us the idea of making Boo RAdley come out. this book sucks dick i just wish that there were some kind of site that poor people could go to, u know to find essays that they might need help on. But no everyone is trying to get a little green out of things. Well you know what i am going to find a site and than rub it in yall faces. Ya you bot that right! Well my name is Marcia Bryant and i hope some one reads this shit and relizes that i dont have a damn credit card. Im sixteen fucking years old, What am i going to do wit a credit card. I mean come on. You people should know that the majority of people looking for essays r students. fi hope that all the people running these essay web si te burn in hell, it is only common sense here not rocket science.haluioueowijkfdsoufiudokfjkmniidlm foidom oifms oidmfkjoia flioaidj,dm foidm,fl lkfm,d ndwp04 rlksm,mkjsfj f8u9kjkjfksjlojslkjslja;lsj;ljsljkasjl;fkjslajljfljfljsdlkjfldksjflkjsaljdlksjljdlfjksdlfjskljfljsdfkljsdlkfjlsdkjflksdjflsjflkjsalkjljalkjdflaj;ldkfjlasjfljsdlfkjdkslfj s;fkjdlkf lkdj f df df dslkf ;kjds fjk ;saklf df f d flkjd;lkf aklj fjlka lk;f dlkf kla;j;fjaf;iuweopruiweuroiwuri wriwjfsdpuifpsiodufosudfipousdpoivfu po u ofu psdufu po udfp ouf o opusdfpuaodpuapou opfuapouf poudfpousafopuasdpofupodsaufpoudspofupodsufpousdjfijsdlkhf;ljkshdflkjlkfj kjdfl;j djsklfj;lskfjkldsfj;lksljf;jdkjf;dsjf;dsjsdlfkjds klfjsldkjflk;dsfjlk;jdsljflkjdlkfjklsd flkj kljdspfiuaisufpdsuifoupovupoczxupvoupjspkfj;suv;pc vefduopuivgop ergupioufcjg fsdgj fpufp p ou9opuf u o9u pou fopsdu fojdspofias ofuods ofipodu fpodsuifo ipodsuifp odsu fopudsfoids;lkfo ofd p fudfopuauspofus o o pofduspofusp9ofgksjf uodofus aasfoiaou sfdskjfdsopufduspf o f To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a book that i would reccomend for anyone to read. This book talks about the issues of prejidice and how it affects the community. When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem broke his arm badley at the elbow. When it healed, and Jemss fears of never being able to play football were assuaged, he was seldom self-conscious about his injury. His left arm was somewhat shorter than his right; when he stood or walked, the back of his hand was at right angles to his body, his thumb parallel to his thigh. He couldnt have cared less as long as he could pass and punt. When enogh years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading to his accident. I maintain that the Ewells started ti all, but Jem , who was four years my senior, said it atarted long before that. He said it began the summer Dill came to us, when Dill first gave us the idea of making Boo RAdley come out. this book sucks dick i just wish that there were some kind of site that poor people could go to, u know to find essays that they might need help on. But no everyone is trying to get a little green out of things. Well you know what i am going to find a site and than rub it in yall faces. Ya you bot that right! Well my name is Marcia Bryant and i hope some one reads this shit and relizes that i dont have a damn credit card. Im sixteen fucking years old, What am i going to do wit a credit card. I mean come on. You people should know that the